“Lost to follow up” is a too-common refrain in the ambulatory healthcare setting and is particularly problematic in primary care, whose focus and value lie in an ongoing, longitudinal relationship with the patient. Academic primary care practices often care for socially or medically complex patients and may lose 25-45% of patients to follow-up. Patients, PCP teams, and the system are all impacted differently by this challenge. Patients can experience a decline in their health status and poor outcomes if they cannot access care in ways and at times that are convenient for them.

In 2020, there were 700 overdose deaths in San Francisco, which was more than double the number of COVID deaths. Though the proximal cause of death is Fentanyl, 60% of those who died were using methamphetamines, which means that many of those deaths may have been prevented by targeting stimulant use. UCSF Citywide serves nearly 2000 people annually with serious mental illness (SMI), homelessness, and institutionalization (long-term locked psychiatric hospitalization and incarceration).

Permanent vision loss is prevalent among the aging and will continue to rise. There are gaps and barriers resulting from fragmented care locally and globally. The health inequity among the aging, visually impaired population is also a public health issue with an economic burden on state and federal resources. The CDC reports that 4.5M over age 40 report that they are blind. This number is expected double to 9M by 2050. There are 21M more who reports having “vision problems” not correctable with conventional glasses, contact lenses, or refractive laser surgery.

In the United States, 25% of adults are living with a behavioral health concern, yet more than half do not receive treatment. For those seeking out services, their Primary Care Providers deliver about 70% of all behavioral health treatments. Integrated care models provide primary care and behavioral health management in the same setting, making it easier for patients to access and for providers to communicate.

We face an escalating addiction epidemic, with more than 100,000 people dying of drug-related overdoses in the US in 2021—the highest number of deaths ever recorded. San Francisco has the highest overdose death rate in California. At SFGH, more than 1/3 of hospitalized patients have a substance use disorder (SUD). Our patients with SUD have longer lengths of stay (3 v 5 days), 1.5x higher 30-day readmission rates, and 5x higher self-discharges than those without SUD.

Patients with Mental Health (MH) conditions have poorer quality outcomes and experience persistent barriers in accessing care than those without MH conditions. Individuals with a Serious Mental Illness (SMI) or Substance Use Disorder (SUD) die over 20 years earlier than individuals without such a diagnosis. People with MH diagnoses incur costs more than those without MH disease. While the current health delivery system is shifting, it often separates Physical and Mental Health care.

My CHIP project focuses on conservation of personal protective equipment (PPE) for the 23,000 workforce members in the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective was to find new ways to extend our existing supply of PPE, identify safe and effective alternatives, and secure new supply that met agency standards. Emphasis is on the decontamination or re-processing of N95 respirators, as there was a critical supply shortage of N95s at the onset of the pandemic.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has shone a bright light on the need to screen for and address preventive and population health needs in a systematic manner. During the pandemic, declines nationally of up to 80- 90% in submitted claims were seen for most preventive services. Patients experienced increased barriers to engaging in care, which often resulted in significant care gaps due to delayed or unmet care needs.

Governor Gavin Newson issued an Executive order (N-01-19) in 2019 to transition the pharmacy services from Managed Care Plans (MCPs) and Fee for Service to Medi-Cal Rx. It is to be administered by Magellan Medicaid Administration under Department of Health Care Services (DHCS) guidance. MCPs like Central California Alliance for Health (CCAH) provided our historical claims and prior authorization data to facilitate continuation of care for Medi-Cal members.

Los Angeles County Department of Health Services (LAC-DHS) is a huge organization comprised of multiple large complex facilities with their own unique culture, leadership, policies, and procedures. It can be extremely difficult to implement a system-wide operational approach within the organization due to this landscape, especially in a time limited capacity. Early in the pandemic, LAC-DHS shut down all outpatient GI procedures for six months. This created a huge GI procedure backlog and delay in diagnostic care.