To encourage the use of EHRs, the federal government created an incentive program for providers who demonstrate meaningful use of EHR technology. In 2011, faculty at the University of California, San Francisco, working on behalf of the California Medicaid Research Institute, developed and conducted two surveys to measure baseline use of EHRs. A survey of physicians was conducted in summer 2011, and a survey of nurse practitioners (NPs) and nurse midwives (CNMs) was conducted in fall 2011.