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California Healthcare Almanac: Health Care Workforce
03-04-21
California’s health care industry employed more than 1.7 million people in 2019. Among these workers, nearly 50% were employed in ambulatory settings, 32% in hospitals, and 18% in nursing or residential care facilities. An aging population and population growth will likely contribute to increased...
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CIN Connections, Spring 2021: Addressing Racism to Improve Health
03-02-21
This issue of CIN Connections contains strategies and reflections from health care leaders as they grapple with how to abolish racism to improve health and remove roadblocks to real health equity. Hear from Dr. Rhea Boyd of the California Children’s Trust and of 2-1-1 San Diego about how structural...
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Recovery with Limited Progress: Impact of California Proposition 209 on Racial/Ethnic Diversity of California Medical School Matriculants, 1990 to 2019
12-09-20
Proposition 209 prohibits the use of affirmative action – the practice of considering an individuals’ race, sex, color, ethnicity or national origin – in public education, employment and contracting. This brief expands on previous studies that analyzed the impact of Proposition 209 on the racial/...
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Racial Disparities in Financial Security, Work and Leisure Activities, and Quality of Life Among the Direct Care Workforce
11-20-20
Personal care, home health, and nursing aides provide the majority of care to chronically ill and disabled older adults. This workforce faces challenging working conditions, resulting in high turnover and workforce instability that affect the quality of care for older adults. We examined the...
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Practicing Holistic Review in Medical Education
10-23-20
Holistic review is a conceptual framework that encourages medical schools to consider a wide range of criteria in deciding which applicants to admit. It promotes a balanced approach to the admissions process, taking into account both the need to admit students whose Medical College Admissions Test...
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These Key Telehealth Policy Changes Would Improve Buprenorphine Access While Advancing Health Equity
09-11-20
Suspected opioid overdose deaths are surging during the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing by more than 40% in May and continuing to rise. The short-term emergency authorizations for audio-only buprenorphine treatment during COVID-19 have helped us reach people previously unable to access treatment, and...
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Dental Workforce Trends: A National Study of Gender Diversity and Practice Patterns
08-28-20
The dental workforce is increasingly gender diverse. This study analyzed gender differences in dental practice using the American Dental Association’s 2010-2016 Masterfile and the 2017 Survey of Dental Practice. Between 2010 and 2016, the proportion of women working in dentistry increased from 24.5...
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Veterinarian Workforce and Education in California
07-31-20
This report presents an overview of California’s veterinarian workforce. The majority of veterinarians care for companion animals (i.e., pets). Others work in settings such as agriculture, research, and public health. As a health sciences discipline with expertise across multiple species and...
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Registered Nurse and Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Workforce and Education in California
07-31-20
Registered nurses (RNs) are the largest group of health care professionals in the United States. They work in a wide range of health care settings and provide a variety of services including acute care, primary care and preventive services.
Prospective RNs can complete one of four types of...
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Public Health Workforce and Education in California
07-31-20
This report presents an overview of current and future supply and demand for California’s public health workforce. Public health professionals perform a wide range of services aimed at creating the conditions in which people can be healthy. Some public health professionals provide services to...
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Physician Workforce and Medical Education in California
07-31-20
This report presents an overview of California’s allopathic (MD) and osteopathic (DO) physicians.
Allopathic medical schools grant the Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree, while osteopathic medical schools grant the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree. Graduates earning an MD typically complete...
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Pharmacist Workforce and Education in California
07-31-20
Pharmacists are healthcare professionals who work with patients, physicians and other healthcare providers to ensure that patients receive the safest, most effective and least costly medications. They communicate knowledge about drugs, dispense drugs and manage patients whose chronic conditions...
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Oral Health Workforce and Education in California
07-31-20
Dentists are healthcare professionals who diagnose and treat problems related to oral health. Common tasks include repairing or removing damaged teeth, filling cavities, performing root canals, placing sealants or whitening agents on teeth and making models and measurements for dental appliances (e...
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Optometry Workforce and Education in California
07-31-20
Optometrists are health care professionals who have earned a Doctor of Optometry (OD) degree. Common tasks performed by optometrists include conducting eye examinations, diagnosing vision problems (such as nearsightedness or farsightedness), addressing binocular vision issues, diagnosing and...
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Sex Differences in Salaries of Department Chairs at Public Medical Schools
03-02-20
Women in academic medicine are paid less than their male peers. This salary difference is often attributed to differences in rank and promotion. The goal of this study was to investigate whether sex pay differences exist at the highest ranks of academic medicine: among clinical department chairs....
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Admission of First Generation to College Pre-Licensure Master's Entry and Graduate Nursing Students
02-06-20
A growing body of literature is examining the relationships between socio-demographic factors influencing recruitment and retention of students in higher education. The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of first generation to college (First-Gen) nursing applicants including...
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Reducing Educational Debt Among Underrepresented Physicians and Dentists
08-27-19
The rising cost of higher education raises concerns about equitable access to professional education for underrepresented minorities (URMs). This is problematic since URMs play critical roles in the health care field. They often speak patients’ languages and/or relate to them on both cultural and...
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Envisioning an Ideal Health Workforce Data System for California
07-23-19
Seven million Californians, the majority of them Latino, African American, and Native American, live in areas experiencing shortfalls of primary care, dental care, or mental health care providers. Without accurate, robust and timely health workforce data, the state will be unable to adequately...
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Practice Patterns of Postgraduate Dental Residency Completers From Select Long-Term HRSA-Funded Primary Dental Care Training Programs
07-15-19
The purpose of this study is to examine practice patterns of graduates of primary care dental postgraduate (PGD) training programs with a longstanding history of Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) funding. Primary care fields supported include Advanced Education in General...
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Breaking Barriers for Underrepresented Minorities in the Health Professions
07-30-18
In spite of the United States’ racial and ethnic diversity, the health care workforce remains predominately white, particularly in professions that require doctoral degrees. This has a real and negative impact on both patients and health professionals. Diversity in the classroom can translate into...
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California’s Physicians: Headed for a Drought?
06-25-18
The people in California’s communities rely on physicians — primary care providers and specialists alike — to keep them healthy. This report, compiled using data from surveys completed by doctors renewing their medical licenses in 2015, provides a snapshot of who those physicians are, where they...
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2017 Survey of Nurse Practitioners and Certified Nurse Midwives
04-11-18
This study of California nurse practitioners (NPs) and certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) was conducted in early 2017. In November 2016, there were 20,337 NPs living in California, of whom 569 also were CNMs (“dual certified”). Another 582 people had CNM-only certification. Surveys were mailed to 2,...
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California’s Current and Future Behavioral Health Workforce
02-12-18
This report analyzes and projects future needs related to California’s behavioral health workforce. This workforce is critical to meeting California’s health care needs. One in six adults suffers from mental illness and one in fourteen children has a serious emotional disturbance. While access to...
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Diversity of California’s Nursing Workforce Chartbook, 2018
01-01-18
The goal of this project is to examine the diversity of California's RNS in education, age, race/ethnicity, gender, employment setting, job titles, and regions.
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The Male-female Earnings Gap for Nurses in Germany: A Pooled Cross-sectional Study of the Years 2006 and 2012
07-14-17
The aim of this study is to examine male-female earnings of nurses in Germany. Understanding and addressing differences in earnings by gender is important because differences in pay accumulate over a nurse’s career and can lead to substantial disparities between genders, especially if they...
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Underrepresented Minority Dentists: Quantifying Their Numbers And Characterizing The Communities They Serve
12-05-16
The underrepresentation of Blacks, Hispanics or Latinos, and American Indians or Alaska Natives among dentists raises concerns about the diversity of the dental workforce, disparities in access to dental care and in oral health status, and social justice. We quantified the shortage of...
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Exploring Explanations for the Female-Male Earnings Difference Among Registered Nurses in the United States
09-01-16
A 2015 study published in JAMA found that the wage gap persists in nursing, with male nurses making $5,100 more on average per year than female colleagues in similar positions. This latest study aims to uncover the root causes of the gender pay discrepancy in nursing. Specifically, the study set...
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Reducing Health Care Disparities for Minority Women in the Era of the Affordable Care Act: Opportunities within Primary Care
05-31-16
Despite improvements in overall health of the American population, disparities persist, particularly for minority women. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) offers the potential to reduce disparities through expanded insurance coverage, greater access to high-quality care, and bolstered prevention...
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What Predicts Attitudes Toward New Workforce Models Among Underrepresented Minority Dentists?
07-29-15
What predicts attitudes toward new workforce models among underrepresented minority dentists? National Oral Health Conference. Oral Presentation
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California’s Medicaid Personal Care Assistants: Characteristics and Turnover among Family and Non-Family Caregivers
07-15-15
Personal care assistants (PCAs) provide supports and services that enable older adults and individuals with disabilities to remain in their homes and community settings. State Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services programs facilitate use of alternatives to institutional care by paying for...