Browse Research Publications

  • In recent years, attention has focused on the nursing profession due to a crippling shortage of registered nurses (RNs) that has been reported throughout California, the United States, and in many other countries. California’s nursing shortage is among the most severe in the United States and many...
  • While a number of studies have explored questions regarding career path and job satisfaction among nurses, the data rarely are examined for distinct racial and ethnic groups. Furthermore, we have not found any study that has explored the relationship between ethnicity and factors that foster job...
  • Commuting of registered nurses (RNs) has important implications for nursing shortages. A county or region might have a large number of resident RNs, but if many of those RNs work in a different county or region, employers in the region of residence might perceive a shortage. California’s counties...
  • In 1999, California passed the first legislation in the United States to establish minimum staffing levels for licensed nurses in hospitals. Implementation of the regulation began in 2004. This article examines whether nurses who work in hospitals in California have perceived improvements in their...
  • Legal scopes of practice for the health professions exist in statutes enacted by the state legislature and in regulations developed and implemented by administrative agencies, such as health professions boards. The purpose of this brief is to examine scope of practice issues within the context of...
  • Nurse Practitioners (NPs) are registered nurses who are prepared beyond initial nursing education in an NP program to provide primary care directly to patients. NP educational requirements, certification mechanisms and legal scopes of practice are decided at the state level and vary considerably....
  • The survey collects data about nursing programs and their students and faculty from August 1 through July 31. Annual data presented in this report represent August 1, 2005 through July 31, 2006. Demographic information and census data were requested for October 15, 2006. Data from pre- and post-...
  • Forecasting the supply and demand of the nursing workforce is crucial to understanding the short and long term needs for nurses in California and for identifying strategies for addressing future shortages. This presentation discusses several forecasting methods and presents data for the 2007...
  • This report presents supply and demand forecasts for the Registered Nurse (RN) workforce in California from 2007 through 2030. These forecasts are based on data from the 2006 California Board of Registered Nursing Survey of Registered Nurses, the US Bureau of Health Professions 2004 National Sample...
  • The move toward “cultural competence” that responds to the diversity of California’s population is reflected in efforts of California hospitals to provide linguistically appropriate care for their patients who have limited English proficiency. Legal mandates underscore this need. Health care...
  • The biennial California Survey of Registered Nurses provides information about the demographics, education, and employment of registered nurses in the state.
  • This presentation takes a look at the complex reality of nursing workforce planning. For example, policy makers often lack the expertise as well as concrete research to make positive decisions. Even if programs are approved they may not be funded due to a state’s budget crisis.
  • This presentation explains different approaches to calculate and forecast “demand”: from the overly simplified “per capita” model, to the non-normative market demand and a “need” assessment model. Suggested ways to improve forecasting include not looking at one workforce group in isolation and...
  • Forecasting the health workforce is crucial to understanding whether perceived shortages are real, to learn whether a shortage is likely to persist, and to guide policy to educate and retain health workers. This presentation provides strategies for forecasting workforce supply and demand and...
  • The 2006 Survey of California Registered Nurses is the fifth in a series of surveys designed to describe licensed nurses in California and to examine changes over time. Other studies were completed in 1990, 1993, 1997, and 2004. The survey solicited information about: Opinions about the most...
  • Information from California’s professional and vocational education programs are a key link in estimating the supply of workers for individual health professions. The principal objective of this project is to map the “education link” in California’s supply chain for selected health professions....
  • Despite evidence that hospital use of licensed practical nurses (LPNs) declined in the 1990s, the current registered nurse (RN) shortage has prompted interest in LPNs as substitutes for RNs. Hospitals, being the dominant employer of RNs, have an economic incentive to use less expensive LPNs as...
  • In most regions of California, there is now a shortage of registered nurses, and shortages will grow over the next 25 years. This report presents forecasts of supply and demand for RNs in regions of California. A previous report estimated future supply and demand for RNs statewide, finding a...
  • LPNs may be able to help fill some of the gaps caused by the nursing shortage, but little research has been conducted on the demographic characteristics of LPNs, their education and scope of practice, and the demand for their services, all of which vary from state to state. In 2002 and 2003, the...
  • The nursing shortage has stimulated renewed attention to understanding factors that may enhance the recruitment of students into nursing programs and the retention of registered nurses in the workforce. Many activities have been initiated to address the shortage of nurses, including increasing...
  • A poor public "image" of the nurse is believed to contribute to nurse shortages. We surveyed more than 3,000 college students in science and math courses in a seven-county region of California's Central Valley to assess their perceptions of a career as a nurse in relation to a career as a physical...
  • During a labor shortage, employment-based benefits can be used to recruit and retain workers. This paper provides data on the availability of benefits to registered nurses (RNs), reports on how health care leaders are approaching the provision of employment-based benefits for nurses, and considers...
  • As the U.S. experiences a rapid aging of the nation's population, with the number of Americans age 65 and over doubling between 2000 and 2030, the demand for long-term care will rise significantly. The nation faces critical shortages in the health care workforce, particularly among direct...
  • Of the 33 million people in California, the nation's most populous state, minority groups now constitute the majority of the population. Many sources predict that by 2060, the entire country will mirror the diversity of California today. Like the rest of the country, California is experiencing a...
  • This article examines the literature on cost-effectiveness in nursing, and considers the relationship between this literature and decision-making in health care systems. Researchers have attempted to examine costs and benefits of nurse staffing and nursing interventions for decades. There are...
  • This chapter of the 25th volume of the Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics reviews key issues associated with the aging registered nurse workforce, particularly challenges of ensuring an adequate supply of nurses in the future.
  • In most regions of California, there is now a shortage of registered nurses, and shortages will grow over the next 25 years. This report presents forecasts of supply and demand for RNs in regions of California and finds a current and widening gap between the supply of and demand for RNs through at...
  • Californians speak a multitude of languages. In 2000, California ranked first in the U.S. in percent of the population speaking English less than “very well”. With 20% of the general population and 25% of school-age children of limited English proficiency, concerns are rising that many Californians...
  • Advocates have pressed for legislation mandating improvements in nurse staffing for at least a decade. Recent research publications have established a strong link between nurse staffing and the quality of patient care. These studies suggest that legislation that increases nurse staffing has the...
  • The author examines the history and early implementation of specific minimum nurse-to-patient ratios in all units of acute-care hospitals in California. After reviewing preliminary forecasts of the effects of the ratios, the effects of the regulations in the first few months of their implementation...

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